A Survey on Tor’s Multi Layer Architecture and Web Implications in Dark Web

Abstract

The Tor network is a fundamental element of the dark web that provides users with secure and shadowy access to data and communication. Originally tor was developed for privacy and protection purposes but later it turned into a platform where both legal and illegal activities are done. The study looks into the architectural components of Tor, onion routing, encryption layer, and node structure that facilitate obscurity.  Moreover, it explores both the positive and negative sides of the network, examining how its architecture works and supports illegal activities. Law enforcement investigates the activities, highlighting the challenges in balancing the benefits of the network against the need to tackle security risks. By reviewing recent research, technical advancement, and structural study, this paper presents a deep understanding of the Tor network in enhancing privacy, security, and unidentified communication. Also highlighting the related risks, challenges, and ethical considerations   

Keywords: Tor network, Dark web, onion routing, privacy protection, law enforcement, ethical considerations