Jamil Ahmed, Ghalib Nadeem, Muhammad Kashif Majeed, Rashid Ghaffar, Abdul Karim Kashif Baig, Syed Raheem Shah, Rana Abdul Razzaq and Talha Irfan 2025. THE RISE OF MULTIMODAL AI: A QUICK REVIEW OF GPT-4V AND GEMINI. Spectrum of Engineering Sciences. 3, 6 (Jun. 2025), 778–786.